On This Day - The Irish Republican Digital Archive

January

1 January

1957 Seán South and Fergal O’Hanlon die in the Brookeborough raid, Co. Fermanagh.
1974 The Sunningdale power-sharing Executive takes office.
1991 Dáithí Ó Conaill, IRA Leader and vice-president of Sinn Féin and Republican Sinn Féin, dies.

4 January

1969 The People’s Democracy march is ambushed at Burntollet Bridge.
1976 The Reavey and O’Dowd families are attacked by loyalists; six die.

5 January

1976 Ten Protestant workmen are shot dead at Kingsmill, south Armagh.

7 January

1922 Dáil Éireann approves the Treaty by 64 votes to 57.

11 January

1970 The Sinn Féin Ard Fheis splits over abstentionism; the Provisional movement is born.

12 January

1939 The IRA Army Council issues its ultimatum to Britain, prelude to the S-Plan.

14 January

1881 The Salford barracks explosion opens the Fenian dynamite campaign in Britain.

15 January

1943 Hugh McAteer, Jimmy Steele and two others escape from Crumlin Road Gaol.
1988 Seán MacBride, IRA Chief of Staff and Nobel laureate, dies.

16 January

1939 The S-Plan bombing campaign opens in England.
1981 Bernadette McAliskey and her husband are shot and gravely wounded by loyalists at home.

17 January

1992 Eight Protestant workmen are killed by an IRA landmine at Teebane.

20 January

1987 Thomas ‘Ta’ Power, INLA, author of the Power Document, is killed in Drogheda.

21 January

1919 The First Dáil meets at the Mansion House; the Soloheadbeg ambush the same day opens the War of Independence.

23 January

2013 Dolours Price, Old Bailey prisoner and hunger striker, dies.

24 January

1885 “Dynamite Saturday”: Fenian bombs at the Tower of London, Westminster Hall and the House of Commons.

27 January

1979 The first merged issue of An Phoblacht/Republican News appears.

30 January

1972 Bloody Sunday: thirteen marchers shot dead in Derry; a fourteenth dies later.
1996 Gino Gallagher, INLA, is killed in the republican socialist feud.

31 January

1994 Gerry Adams is granted a United States visa.

February

3 February

1919 Éamon de Valera escapes from Lincoln Gaol.
1921 The Dromkeen ambush, East Limerick.

4 February

1868 Constance Markievicz is born.
1974 Twelve die, including two children, in the M62 coach bombing.
2010 Tomás Mac Giolla, president of Official Sinn Féin and the Workers’ Party, dies.

5 February

1992 Five Catholics are murdered by the UFF at Sean Graham’s bookmakers, Ormeau Road.

6 February

1971 Gunner Robert Curtis becomes the first British soldier killed in the conflict.

7 February

1877 John O’Mahony, founder of the Fenian Brotherhood, dies in New York.
1940 Peter Barnes and James McCormack are hanged in Birmingham for the Coventry explosion.
1991 The IRA mortars Downing Street during a War Cabinet meeting.

9 February

1996 The Canary Wharf bomb ends the 1994 ceasefire.

10 February

1975 The IRA truce with the British government begins.
1994 Dominic McGlinchey, former INLA Chief of Staff, is shot dead in Drogheda.

12 February

1937 Kit Conway of the Connolly Column is killed at Jarama.
1976 Frank Stagg dies on hunger strike in Wakefield after 62 days.
1989 Solicitor Pat Finucane is murdered by the UDA at his home.

14 February

1921 Ernie O’Malley, Frank Teeling and Simon Donnelly escape from Kilmainham.

16 February

1992 Four IRA volunteers are killed by the SAS at Clonoe, Co. Tyrone.
2008 Brendan Hughes, H-Block OC and 1980 hunger strike leader, dies.

17 February

1978 Twelve die in the IRA incendiary attack on La Mon House.

18 February

1991 The IRA bombs Victoria Station, London.
1996 Volunteer Edward O’Brien dies when his bomb explodes on a bus at the Aldwych.

20 February

1921 Twelve Volunteers die at Clonmult, Co. Cork, the IRA’s heaviest loss of the Tan War.

22 February

1972 The Official IRA bombs Aldershot barracks; seven die.

23 February

1985 Three IRA volunteers are killed by the SAS at Strabane.

26 February

1884 A Fenian bomb explodes at Victoria Station, London.
1962 The IRA formally ends the Border Campaign.
1993 The IRA bombs the gasworks at Warrington.

28 February

1985 Nine RUC officers die in the mortar attack on Newry station.

March

1 March

1965 Roger Casement’s remains are reinterred at Glasnevin.
1976 Special category status is withdrawn; criminalisation begins.
1981 Bobby Sands begins his hunger strike.

4 March

1778 Robert Emmet is born in Dublin.
2001 The Real IRA detonates a car bomb outside BBC Television Centre, Wood Lane, London.

5 March

1867 The Fenian Rising.
1942 George Plant, IRA, is executed by the Free State.
1957 Sinn Féin wins four Westminster seats on an abstentionist ticket, taken by Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, Eighneachán Ó hAnnluain, John Joe McGirl and John Joe Rice.
1981 Frank Maguire MP dies, opening the Fermanagh-South Tyrone by-election.

6 March

1988 Mairéad Farrell, Dan McCann and Seán Savage are shot dead by the SAS in Gibraltar.

7 March

1923 Free State mines kill republican prisoners at Ballyseedy and Countess Bridge.

8 March

1942 Mary MacSwiney dies.
1966 The IRA blows up Nelson’s Pillar in O’Connell Street.
1973 Car bombs at the Old Bailey and Whitehall open the modern England campaign, on the day of the border poll.

9 March

1954 Bobby Sands is born in Rathcoole.
1994 The IRA opens its series of mortar attacks on Heathrow Airport.

10 March

1963 Brian O’Higgins, 1916 veteran, editor and president of Sinn Féin, dies.

11 March

1858 Thomas Clarke is born on the Isle of Wight.

12 March

1798 The Leinster Directory of the United Irishmen is arrested at Oliver Bond’s house.
1923 Five republican prisoners are killed by a mine at Bahaghs, Cahersiveen.

14 March

1921 Six Volunteers, including Patrick Moran and Thomas Whelan, are hanged in Mountjoy.
1991 The Birmingham Six are freed.

16 March

1988 Michael Stone attacks the Gibraltar funerals at Milltown; three die, including Volunteer Caoimhín Mac Brádaigh.

17 March

1858 The Irish Republican Brotherhood is founded in Dublin by James Stephens.

19 March

1921 Tom Barry’s flying column fights through encirclement at Crossbarry.
1988 Two British Army corporals are killed after driving into a west Belfast funeral.

20 March

1875 John Mitchel dies at Newry.
1920 Tomás Mac Curtain, Lord Mayor of Cork, is shot dead by the RIC at home, on his 36th birthday (born 20 March 1884).
1993 The Warrington bombs kill Johnathan Ball and Tim Parry.

21 March

1921 The Headford Junction ambush, Co. Kerry.
1943 Twenty-one internees escape through a tunnel from Derry Gaol.
2017 Martin McGuinness dies.

24 March

1936 Vice-Admiral Somerville is shot dead by the IRA at Castletownshend.
1972 Stormont is prorogued; direct rule begins.

25 March

1957 Ernie O’Malley dies.

26 March

1922 The anti-Treaty IRA Army Convention meets in defiance of the Dáil.

28 March

1879 Terence MacSwiney is born in Cork.
1973 The Claudia is intercepted off Waterford with five tonnes of Libyan arms.

29 March

1901 James Stephens dies.
1939 S-Plan bombs damage Hammersmith Bridge.

30 March

1979 Airey Neave is killed by an INLA bomb at Westminster.

April

2 April

1914 Cumann na mBan is founded at Wynn’s Hotel.

7 April

1919 Twenty prisoners escape over the wall of Mountjoy.

8 April

1934 The Republican Congress is founded by O’Donnell, Gilmore and Ryan.

9 April

1981 Bobby Sands is elected MP for Fermanagh-South Tyrone.

10 April

1923 Liam Lynch, IRA Chief of Staff, is mortally wounded in the Knockmealdowns.
1998 The Good Friday Agreement is signed.

14 April

1922 Anti-Treaty forces occupy the Four Courts.

15 April

1972 Joe McCann, Official IRA, is shot dead by paratroopers in the Markets.

16 April

1940 Tony D’Arcy dies on hunger strike.

17 April

1876 The Catalpa rescue frees six Fenian prisoners from Fremantle.

19 April

1940 Jack McNeela dies on hunger strike.
1972 The Widgery Report exonerates the Bloody Sunday shootings.

21 April

1916 Roger Casement is captured at Banna Strand.

22 April

1916 The Aud, carrying the Rising’s German arms, is scuttled off Cork.

24 April

1916 The Easter Rising begins; the Proclamation is read at the GPO.
1993 The Bishopsgate bomb devastates the City of London, on the day of the first Hume-Adams joint statement.

25 April

1921 Thomas Traynor is hanged in Mountjoy.

26 April

1916 The battle of Mount Street Bridge; Francis Sheehy-Skeffington is murdered by a British officer.
1986 Séamus McElwain, South Fermanagh Brigade IRA, is killed by British special forces while preparing an ambush.

27 April

1929 Austin Stack dies.
1953 Maud Gonne MacBride dies.

28 April

1916 The battle of Ashbourne under Thomas Ashe.

29 April

1916 Pearse surrenders; The O’Rahilly dies of wounds from the Moore Street breakout; the North King Street killings by Crown forces.

May

3 May

1916 Patrick Pearse, Thomas Clarke and Thomas MacDonagh are executed.
1921 Partition takes effect under the Government of Ireland Act.

4 May

1916 Joseph Plunkett, Edward Daly, Michael O’Hanrahan and Willie Pearse are executed.

5 May

1916 John MacBride is executed.
1981 Bobby Sands dies on the 66th day of hunger strike.

6 May

1882 The Invincibles kill Cavendish and Burke in the Phoenix Park.

8 May

1916 Éamonn Ceannt, Michael Mallin, Con Colbert and Seán Heuston are executed.
1987 Eight IRA volunteers, including Jim Lynagh and Pádraig McKearney, die at Loughgall.

9 May

1916 Thomas Kent is executed in Cork.

11 May

1946 Seán McCaughey dies on hunger and thirst strike in Portlaoise.

12 May

1916 James Connolly and Seán Mac Diarmada are executed.
1981 Francis Hughes dies on the 59th day of hunger strike.

13 May

1919 Seán Hogan is rescued at Knocklong station.
1986 Peadar O’Donnell dies.

16 May

1926 De Valera founds Fianna Fáil at the La Scala theatre.

17 May

1918 The “German Plot” arrests sweep up the Sinn Féin leadership.
1974 Loyalist bombs in Dublin and Monaghan kill thirty-three.

18 May

2001 Seán Mac Stiofáin, first Provisional IRA Chief of Staff, dies.

19 May

1798 Lord Edward FitzGerald is arrested in Thomas Street.

21 May

1981 Raymond McCreesh and Patsy O’Hara die on hunger strike the same day.

23 May

1798 The Rising of the United Irishmen begins.

24 May

1798 The battles of Naas and Prosperous.
1923 Aiken’s dump arms order and de Valera’s “Legion of the Rearguard” address end the Civil War.

25 May

1892 Liam Mellows is born.
1921 The IRA burns the Custom House.
1991 Edward Fullerton, Sinn Féin councillor for Inishowen, is killed by the UDA at his Buncrana home.

26 May

1848 John Mitchel is convicted of treason-felony and transported.
1868 Michael Barrett is the last person publicly hanged in Britain.
1955 Tom Mitchell and Phil Clarke, republican prisoners, are elected abstentionist MPs.

27 May

1798 Victory at Oulart Hill.

28 May

1798 The insurgents take Enniscorthy.

29 May

1798 The Gibbet Rath massacre on the Curragh.
1972 The Official IRA declares its ceasefire.

30 May

1798 Wexford town falls to the insurgents.
1884 A Fenian bomb wrecks the Special Irish Branch offices at Scotland Yard.

June

1 June

1798 The battle of Newtownbarry (Bunclody).

2 June

1866 The Fenian invasion of Canada wins the battle of Ridgeway.

3 June

1974 Michael Gaughan dies on hunger strike in Parkhurst.
1991 Three IRA volunteers are killed by the SAS at Coagh.

4 June

1798 The battle of Tubberneering; Lord Edward FitzGerald dies of his wounds in Newgate.

5 June

1798 The battle of New Ross; over a hundred prisoners die at Scullabogue.
1868 James Connolly is born in Edinburgh.
2013 Ruairí Ó Brádaigh dies.

7 June

1798 Henry Joy McCracken leads the United Irishmen at Antrim.
1921 Edward Foley and Patrick Maher are hanged, the last of the Forgotten Ten.

9 June

1798 The battles of Arklow and Saintfield.
1983 Gerry Adams is elected MP for West Belfast.

10 June

1944 Frank Ryan dies in Dresden.

11 June

1798 Fr Edward Prendergast is executed at Monasterevin for his ministry to the rebel camp at Barnhill.
1981 H-Block prisoners Kieran Doherty and Paddy Agnew are elected TDs.
2019 Billy McKee, founding Provisional and 1972 hunger striker, dies.

12 June

1954 The IRA raids Gough Barracks, Armagh.

13 June

1798 The battle of Ballynahinch.

16 June

1922 The pact election returns a pro-Treaty majority.
1997 Two RUC officers are shot dead in Lurgan during the broken ceasefire.

17 June

1974 An IRA bomb damages Westminster Hall.
1981 Nora Connolly O’Brien, daughter of James Connolly, dies.

18 June

1936 The Free State declares the IRA an unlawful organisation.
1994 Six Catholics are murdered by the UVF at Loughinisland.

20 June

1763 Theobald Wolfe Tone is born.
1798 Loyalist prisoners are killed on Wexford Bridge.
1968 The Caledon housing protest, the spark of the civil rights campaign.

21 June

1798 The battle of Vinegar Hill ends the Wexford republic.

22 June

1921 George V opens the Northern Ireland parliament.
1922 Sir Henry Wilson is shot dead in London by Reggie Dunne and Joseph O’Sullivan.

26 June

1966 The UVF’s Malvern Street killing announces loyalist paramilitarism reborn.
1980 Miriam Daly, IRSP, is assassinated at home.

27 June

1970 The Battle of St Matthew’s.

28 June

1798 Bagenal Harvey and Matthew Keugh are executed at Wexford.
1922 Free State forces shell the Four Courts; the Civil War begins.

29 June

1915 Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa dies in New York.

30 June

1798 The battle of Ballyellis, the Wexford insurgents’ last victory.

July

1 July

1867 Thomas Francis Meagher, who first flew the tricolour, dies.

2 July

1798 Fr John Murphy is executed at Tullow.
1980 Tom Barry dies.

3 July

1970 The Falls Curfew begins.

5 July

1993 Tom Maguire, last surviving member of the Second Dáil, dies.

7 July

1922 Cathal Brugha dies of wounds received on O’Connell Street.
1991 Pearse McAuley and Nessan Quinlivan escape from Brixton Prison.

8 July

1981 Joe McDonnell dies on the 61st day of hunger strike.

9 July

1972 The Springhill shootings in west Belfast; five die, including a priest and a child.
1995 The first Drumcree stand-off begins.

10 July

1927 Kevin O’Higgins is assassinated by IRA members.

11 July

1921 The Truce ends the War of Independence.

13 July

1981 Martin Hurson dies on the 46th day of hunger strike.
1996 The Continuity IRA severely damages the Killyhevlin Hotel, Enniskillen, with a 1,200 lb car bomb.

14 July

1798 John and Henry Sheares are executed in Dublin.

15 July

1927 Constance Markievicz dies.

17 July

1798 Henry Joy McCracken is executed in Belfast.
1969 Sammy Devenney dies of injuries from an RUC beating in Derry.
1974 An IRA bomb at the Tower of London kills one.

20 July

1982 The Hyde Park and Regent’s Park bombings kill eleven soldiers.
1997 The IRA restores its ceasefire.

21 July

1972 Bloody Friday: around twenty bombs in Belfast kill nine.
1976 British Ambassador Christopher Ewart-Biggs is killed by an IRA landmine in Dublin.

23 July

1803 Robert Emmet’s rising in Dublin.
2004 Joe Cahill dies.

26 July

1914 The Howth gun-running; British troops kill three at Bachelor’s Walk.
1939 An S-Plan bomb at King’s Cross station kills one.

29 July

1848 The Young Ireland rising ends at Ballingarry.

30 July

1990 Ian Gow MP is killed by an IRA car bomb.

31 July

1893 The Gaelic League is founded.
1922 Harry Boland is shot by Free State soldiers at Skerries.
1972 Operation Motorman retakes the no-go areas; nine die at Claudy the same day.
1975 The Miami Showband massacre.

August

1 August

1914 The Kilcoole gun-running lands the second Volunteer arms shipment.
1915 The funeral of O’Donovan Rossa; Pearse declares “Ireland unfree shall never be at peace.”
1922 Harry Boland dies of his wounds.
1981 Kevin Lynch, INLA, dies on the 71st day of hunger strike.

2 August

1981 Kieran Doherty TD dies on the 73rd day of hunger strike.

3 August

1916 Roger Casement is hanged at Pentonville.

8 August

1981 Thomas McElwee dies on the 62nd day of hunger strike.

9 August

1941 Richard Goss, IRA, is executed by the Free State.
1970 Jimmy Steele, veteran Belfast republican and editor, dies.
1971 Internment is introduced in Operation Demetrius; the Ballymurphy killings begin.

10 August

1922 Reggie Dunne and Joseph O’Sullivan are hanged in London for the Wilson shooting.

12 August

1920 Terence MacSwiney is arrested at Cork City Hall.
1922 Arthur Griffith dies.
1969 The Battle of the Bogside begins.

13 August

1955 The IRA raids Arborfield barracks, Berkshire.

14 August

1940 Seán Russell dies aboard a U-boat in the Atlantic.
1969 British troops are deployed on the streets of Derry.

15 August

1923 Éamon de Valera is arrested at an election rally in Ennis.
1969 Bombay Street is burned; the pogroms reshape Belfast.
1998 The Omagh bomb kills twenty-nine people and unborn twins.

16 August

1909 Na Fianna Éireann is founded.

18 August

1974 Nineteen prisoners, Kevin Mallon among them, escape from Portlaoise.

20 August

1981 Michael Devine, INLA, dies, the last of the ten; Owen Carron wins the Fermanagh-South Tyrone by-election the same day.
1988 Eight soldiers die in the Ballygawley bus bombing.

22 August

1798 Humbert’s French force lands at Killala.
1882 Charles Kickham, president of the IRB, dies.
1922 Michael Collins is killed at Béal na Bláth.
1998 The INLA declares its ceasefire.

25 August

1803 Robert Emmet is captured at Harold’s Cross.
1939 The Coventry explosion kills five.

27 August

1798 The Races of Castlebar.
1975 The Caterham Arms bombing in Surrey.
1979 Lord Mountbatten is killed at Mullaghmore; eighteen soldiers die at Warrenpoint.

29 August

1975 Éamon de Valera dies.

31 August

1994 The IRA announces a complete cessation of military operations.

September

2 September

1942 Tom Williams is hanged in Crumlin Road Gaol.

5 September

1975 The IRA bombs the London Hilton; two die.

6 September

1940 Patrick McGrath and Thomas Harte are executed by the Free State.

8 September

1798 The battle of Ballinamuck ends the French campaign.

12 September

1989 Seamus Twomey, twice IRA Chief of Staff, dies.

14 September

1976 Kieran Nugent refuses the uniform; the blanket protest begins.

15 September

1865 The Irish People, the Fenian newspaper, is suppressed and its editors arrested.

16 September

1845 Thomas Davis dies.

18 September

1851 Anne Devlin, Emmet’s housekeeper who withstood torture, dies in poverty.
1867 The Manchester rescue frees Kelly and Deasy.

20 September

1803 Robert Emmet is executed on Thomas Street.
1914 Redmond’s Woodenbridge speech splits the Volunteers.
1920 Crown forces sack Balbriggan; Kevin Barry is captured the same day.

21 September

2000 The Real IRA fires an RPG-22 rocket at the MI6 headquarters building in London.

22 September

1920 The Rineen ambush, Co. Clare.
1989 Eleven military bandsmen die in the Deal barracks bombing.

23 September

1996 Volunteer Diarmuid O’Neill is shot dead by police in London.

24 September

1798 Bartholomew Teeling is executed in Dublin.

25 September

1917 Thomas Ashe dies after force-feeding on hunger strike.
1983 Thirty-eight IRA prisoners escape from the Maze.

27 September

1958 Ruairí Ó Brádaigh and Dáithí Ó Conaill escape from the Curragh internment camp.

29 September

1928 John Devoy dies in Atlantic City.
1972 Kathleen Clarke, widow of Tom Clarke and first woman Lord Mayor of Dublin, dies.
1984 The Marita Ann is seized off Kerry with seven tonnes of American arms.

30 September

1994 Michael Flannery, founder of Noraid, dies in New York.

October

2 October

1932 Ruairí Ó Brádaigh is born in Longford.
2007 Dan Keating, the last surviving Tan War veteran, dies aged 105.

3 October

1981 The hunger strike ends after seven months and ten deaths.

5 October

1968 The RUC batons the civil rights march in Duke Street, Derry.
1974 The Guildford pub bombings.
1977 Seamus Costello is assassinated in Dublin.

6 October

2004 George Harrison, the movement’s chief American arms supplier for decades, dies.

7 October

1996 The IRA bombs Thiepval barracks, Army headquarters in the North.

10 October

1981 The Chelsea Barracks nail bomb kills two.

12 October

1798 Wolfe Tone is captured after the sea battle off Tory Island.
1984 The IRA bombs the Grand Hotel, Brighton, during Conservative conference.

13 October

1994 The Combined Loyalist Military Command declares its ceasefire.

14 October

1797 William Orr is executed at Carrickfergus; “Remember Orr.”
1920 Seán Treacy is killed in the gunfight on Talbot Street.
1923 The mass hunger strike of republican prisoners begins across the Free State camps.
2001 The Forgotten Ten are reinterred with State honours at Glasnevin.

15 October

1842 The first issue of The Nation appears.
1974 Republican internees burn Long Kesh.
1980 Ronnie Bunting of the IRSP is assassinated in west Belfast.

17 October

1920 Michael Fitzgerald dies on hunger strike in Cork Gaol.
1954 The IRA raids Omagh barracks.

18 October

1791 The Society of United Irishmen is founded in Belfast.

19 October

1988 The broadcasting ban silences republican voices on British airwaves.

20 October

2024 The Irish Republican Digital Archive launches as a digital document repository.

21 October

1803 Thomas Russell, “the man from God knows where”, is executed at Downpatrick.

23 October

1993 The Shankill bomb kills ten, including Volunteer Thomas Begley.

25 October

1917 De Valera is elected president of Sinn Féin at the Ard Fheis.
1919 Austin Stack escapes from Strangeways.
1920 Terence MacSwiney dies in Brixton on the 74th day of hunger strike; Joe Murphy dies the same day in Cork.

27 October

1980 The first H-Block hunger strike begins.

28 October

1976 Máire Drumm is assassinated in the Mater Hospital.

30 October

1883 Fenian bombs explode on the London Underground.
1993 The UFF kills eight at the Rising Sun bar, Greysteel.

31 October

1973 The helicopter escape lifts Twomey, Mallon and O’Hagan from Mountjoy.
1981 Danny Morrison’s “Armalite and ballot box” speech.

November

1 November

1884 The GAA is founded at Thurles.
1920 Kevin Barry, eighteen, is hanged in Mountjoy.
1987 The Eksund is seized with 150 tonnes of Libyan arms.

2 November

1986 The Ard Fheis ends abstentionism; Republican Sinn Féin is founded that evening.

3 November

1815 John Mitchel is born.
2007 Martin Meehan, Ardoyne republican, dies.

7 November

1974 The King’s Arms bombing at Woolwich.

8 November

1987 The Enniskillen Remembrance Day bomb kills eleven.

10 November

1798 Wolfe Tone is court-martialled and sentenced.
1861 The funeral of Terence Bellew McManus begins the Fenian funeral tradition.
1879 Patrick Pearse is born in Dublin.

11 November

1957 Five die in the Edentubber explosion.

12 November

1942 Maurice O’Neill is executed by the Free State.

15 November

1985 The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed at Hillsborough.
1991 Volunteers Patricia Black and Frankie Ryan die in a premature explosion at St Albans.

17 November

1922 The Free State carries out its first executions of republican prisoners.

19 November

1798 Wolfe Tone dies in the Provost’s Prison.

20 November

1923 Denis Barry dies on hunger strike at Newbridge.

21 November

1920 Bloody Sunday: the Cairo Gang in the morning; fourteen killed at Croke Park that afternoon.
1974 The Birmingham pub bombings kill twenty-one.

22 November

1923 Andrew O’Sullivan dies on hunger strike.

23 November

1867 The Manchester Martyrs, Allen, Larkin and O’Brien, are hanged at Salford.
1913 The Irish Citizen Army is founded.

24 November

1865 James Stephens is rescued from Richmond Bridewell.
1922 Erskine Childers is executed by the Free State.

25 November

1913 The Irish Volunteers are founded at the Rotunda.

27 November

1975 Ross McWhirter is shot dead by the IRA in London.

28 November

1905 Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin.
1920 Tom Barry’s column wipes out an Auxiliary patrol at Kilmichael.

December

1 December

1944 Charlie Kerins, IRA Chief of Staff, is hanged in Mountjoy.

4 December

1971 The UVF bombing of McGurk’s Bar kills fifteen.

6 December

1921 The Anglo-Irish Treaty is signed in London.
1975 The Balcombe Street siege begins.
1982 The INLA bombing of the Droppin Well, Ballykelly, kills seventeen.

7 December

1922 Seán Hales TD is shot dead by the IRA in Dublin.
1997 The 32 County Sovereignty Movement is founded.

8 December

1922 Rory O’Connor, Liam Mellows, Dick Barrett and Joe McKelvey are executed without trial in reprisal.
1938 Surviving Second Dáil deputies transfer their authority to the IRA Army Council, the legitimist thread that runs to 1986 and beyond.
1974 The IRSP is founded by Seamus Costello.

10 December

1920 Martial law is proclaimed in the south.
1974 Talks held in Feakle attended by leading Protestant clergymen and high ranking IRA members leads to a two week ceasefire.

11 December

1920 Crown forces burn the centre of Cork.

12 December

1956 Operation Harvest, the Border Campaign, begins.

13 December

1867 The Clerkenwell explosion kills twelve.
1884 William Mackey Lomasney dies placing a bomb at London Bridge.
2018 Seán Garland, Official republican and Workers’ Party leader, dies.

14 December

1803 Michael Dwyer, the last man out of ’98, surrenders in Wicklow.
1918 Sinn Féin sweeps the general election with 73 seats.

15 December

1982 Máire Comerford, Cumann na mBan veteran, dies.
1993 The Downing Street Declaration.

18 December

1980 The first H-Block hunger strike ends.

19 December

1922 The Grey Abbey Martyrs, seven IRA volunteers of the Rathbride Column, are executed by firing squad at the Curragh Military Camp.

23 December

1920 The Government of Ireland Act partitions Ireland.
1939 The IRA raids the Magazine Fort in the Phoenix Park.

26 December

1998 Cathal Goulding dies.

27 December

1849 James Fintan Lalor dies.
1969 Dan Breen dies.
1997 Billy Wright, LVF leader, is shot dead by the INLA inside the Maze.

30 December

1990 Fergal Caraher is shot dead by Royal Marines at Cullyhanna.